专注于高等教育
科普综合平台
以下是英语时态和语态的总结表格及记忆技巧，帮助您系统掌握：
一、时态语态总表（核心8种）
| 时态 | 主动语态结构 | 被动语态结构 | 标志词/例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | 主语 + V原形（三单加-s） | am/is/are + V过去分词 | often, every day 例：He writes a letter. → The letter is written by him. |
| 一般过去时 | 主语 + V过去式 | was/were + V过去分词 | yesterday, last week 例：She built a house. → The house was built by her. |
| 一般将来时 | will/shall + V原形 | will be + V过去分词 | tomorrow, next year 例：They will plant trees. → Trees will be planted by them. |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are + V-ing | am/is/are being + V过去分词 | now, at the moment 例：I am cleaning the room. → The room is being cleaned by me. |
| 过去进行时 | was/were + V-ing | was/were being + V过去分词 | at 5pm yesterday, while 例：She was cooking. → The meal was being cooked by her. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has + V过去分词 | have/has been + V过去分词 | since, for, already 例：We have finished the work. → The work has been finished by us. |
| 过去完成时 | had + V过去分词 | had been + V过去分词 | by 1999, when从句 例：He had sent the email. → The email had been sent by him. |
| 被动语态公式 | - | be + V过去分词 | 所有时态被动只需调整be的形式 |
二、记忆技巧
时间轴法：画一条时间线，分为过去、现在、将来，定位动作发生时间。
助动词抓手：
will/was/have → 锁定时态（如will表将来，had表过去完成）。
"be+V3（过去分词）" → 必是被动。
口诀：
一般时态看标志词（yesterday→过去时，now→进行时）。
被动语态顺口溜："be在前，ed在后，by引执行者别漏掉"。
三、高频考点
特殊被动：
want/need doing = need to be done（主动表被动）。
The number of... 用单数被动（如The number was limited）。
易混淆点：
过去进行时被动：was/were being done。
现在完成被动：have been done（注意been不可省略）。
附完整表格可参考：
更多例题解析见：
